#A ,9TRODUC;N TO ! ABACUS "33333333333 ,Y MAY RECALL ! ABACUS F PRIM>Y S*OOL Z AN AIDE = C.T+1 US+ COLUMNS ( B1DS4 ,B ! ABACUS IS N J = PRIM>Y S*OOL1 Y C USE X = S]I\S >I?METIC CALCULA;NS )\T ! NE$ = PAP] OR ELECTRONIC CALCULATORS1 OR Y C USE X Z A NUM]ICAL NOTEPAD4 ,Y CD USE X TO NOTE D[N TELEPH"O NUMB]S1 ! DATE1 OR KEEP SCORES 9 GAMES4 ,"S P MIDS Y4 ,NOTICE T X 3SI/S ( A S]IES ( RODS ) B1DS T MOVE UP & D[N4 ,"! >E F\R B1DS 9 "O SEC;N & "O B1D 9 ANO!R1 ) A HORIZONTAL B> SEP>AT+ ! TWO SEC;NS4 ,! F\R B1DS %D 2 9 ! FRONT SEC;N T[>DS ! ABACUS #B Y1 & ! S+LE B1D AT ! BACK1 AWAY F Y1 S ! B> IS T[>DS ! BACK4 ,A TACTILE ABACUS HAS A FOAM BACK+ 2H ! RODS TO PREV5T ! B1DS F SLIPP+4 ,NOTICE T ! B> HAS TACTILE M>KS E ?REE COLUMNS1 ^! H _! USUAL M1N+ TO BR1K UP L>GE NUMB]S 9TO GR\PS "4 ,SETT+ ,NUMB]S ,! F\R B1DS 2L ! B> EA* H A VALUE ( #A4 ,! S+LE B1D ABV ! B> HAS A VALUE ( #E4 ,B1DS GA9 _! VALUE :5 MOV$ T[>DS ! B>4 ,/>T BY CLE>+ ! ABACUS " ALR">3 MOVE ALL ! L[] B1DS TO ! FRONT ( ! FRAME & ALL ! UPP] B1DS TO ! BACK ( ! FRAME1 ALL B1DS AWAY F ! B>4 ,? IS ! VALUE #J4 ,N[1 ON ! LEFTMO/ COLUMN1 MOVE A S+LE B1D F ! GR\P ( F\R1 UP T[>DS ! B>4 ,? IS VALUE #A4 ,9 ! NEXT COLUMN1 MOVE TWO B1DS UP T[>DS ! B>1 ! VALUE #B4 ,SIMIL>LY SET ?REE & F\R B1DS 9 ! NEXT TWO COLUMNS4 ! ABACUS #C ,= ! VALUE #E1 9 ! FIF? COLUMN1 MOVE ! TOP B1D D[N T[>DS ! B>1 KEEP+ ALL ! L[] B1DS AWAY F ! B>4 ,= ! VALUE SIX1 MOVE ! TOP B1D D[N & "O ( ! BOTTOM B1DS UP T[>DS ! B>4 ,= SEV51 X'S ! TOP B1D D[N & TWO ( ! BOTTOM B1DS UP T[>DS ! B>4 ,& SIMIL>LY1 SET EIDS ! B>4 ,S ! VALUE ( N9E IS ALL ! B1DS T[>DS ! B>4 ,J = PRACTICE1 RE-R1D ! L>GE NUMB] Y H SET ON ! F/ N9E COLUMNS3 #ABC1DEF1GHI4 444 & "! >E PL5TY ( COLUMNS / SP>E4 ,PRACTISE "S M1 SETT+ "S O!R NUMB]S1 = N[ USE ANY COLUMNS Y L4 ,TRY SETT+3 #AG1 #HC1 #BEF1 #CJH1 #EGC1 #HAB1 #IED1 #AJJA1 #BJBJ4 ,"S P SIMPLY USE ! ABACUS Z A NUM]ICAL NOTEPAD3 Y CD USE X TO QKLY TAKE D[N A PH"O NUMB]1 OR J KEEP TRACK ( ! DATE4 ,TRY1 = EXAMPLE1 SETT+ YR [N PH"O NUMB] N[4 ,BASIC ,ADDI;N ,! F/ >I?METIC FUNC;N IS ADDI;N4 ,Y ! ABACUS #D PROBABLY LE>NT X AT PRIM>Y S*OOL1 "S"TS HAV+ TO WRITE X D[N 9 COLUMNS4 ,Y C D ! SAME ON AN ABACUS1 B ! ADVANTAGE IS1 NO PAP] REQUIR$4 ,LET'S />T ) ! SUM3 #BA "6 #FH4 ,F/1 SET ! NUMB] #BA ON ! TWO "RMO/ COLUMNS4 ,!N1 SIMPLY SET ! SECOND NUMB]1 #FH1 ON TOP ( :AT'S ALR "!4 ,IMMLY1 ! ANSW] #HI APPE>S4 ,LET'S TRY ANO!R SUM3 #CAE "6 #AFC4 ,F/1 SET #CAE ON ! ?REE "RMO/ COLUMNS1 !N SET #AFC OV] ! TOP ( ! ?REE "RMO/ COLUMNS4 ,IMMLY1 ! ANSW] #DGH %D APPE>4 ,TIP3 IF Y NE$ TO1 Y C OP;NALLY SET ! SECOND NUMB] ON ! LEFTMO/ COLUMNS1 J Z A REM9D]4 ,OV]FL[S & ,C>RIES ,J Z 9 PAP] >I?METIC1 Y _C ALW SET ! SECOND NUMB] DIRECTLY ON TOP ( ! F/ )\T CAUS+ OV]FL[4 ,9 ? CASE1 "! >E S-CALL$ 8SECRETS0 OR 8RULES0 ( ADDI;N4 ,X'S BASICALLY A SUBTRAC;N 9/1D1 ) ADD+ #A TO ! COLUMN ON ! LEFT4 ,= EXAMPLE1 TO ADD #A TO #I1 SUBTRACT ! #I & ADD "O TO ! COLUMN ON ! LEFT1 ! ABACUS #E GIV+ #AJ4 A %ORT] WAY ( SAY+ ? IS3 ,TO ADD #A TO #I3 CLE> #I1 SET "O LEFT4 ,SIMIL>LY1 IF Y WANT TO ADD #I TO ANY NUMB] O!R ?AN #J1 Y SUBTRACT #A & ADD #A TO ! COLUMN ON ! LEFT3 ,TO ADD #I TO @>#J3 CLE> #A1 SET #A LEFT4 ,S #I IS ! COMPLE;T ( #A4 ,SIMIL>LY1 TO ADD #B TO #H3 CLE> #H1 SET #A LEFT2 TO ADD #H TO @>#A1 CLE> #B1 SET #A LEFT4 ,S #H IS ! COMPLE;T ( #B4 ,& S ON3#C GOES ) #G1 #D GOES ) #F1 & #E IS ON XS [N4 ,A C\PLE ( EXAMPLES3 ,LET'S TRY ! SUM #DC "6 #GH4 ,/>T BY SETT+ #DC ON ! TWO "RMO/ COLUMNS Z USUAL4 ,IF Y NE$ TO1 SET #GH ON ! V LEFT Z A REM9D]4 ,N[1 ADD #H TO ! EXI/+ #C4 ,? WD CAUSE OV]FL[1 S ! RULE = #H IS 9/1D TO CLE> #B & SET #A LEFT4 ,? N[ GIVES #EA4 ,N[ ADD ! #G TO ! #E4 ,AG1 ? CAUSES OV]FL[4 ,! RULE = #G IS TO CLE> #C & SET ! ABACUS #F "O LEFT1 GIV+ \R F9AL ANSW] ( #ABA4 ,J = PRACTICE1 TRY DO+ ! SAME SUM ! O!R WAY >.D3 #GH "6 #DC4 ,"H'S ANO!R SUM3 #DEF "6 #GHI4 ,/>T BY SETT+ #DEF ON ! ?REE "RMO/ COLUMNS4 ,N[1 3SID] ADD+ #I TO #F4 ,X CAUSES OV]FL[4 #I GOES ) #A1 S CLE> #A & SET "O LEFT4 ,N[ ADD #H TO ! MIDDLE COLUMN3 AG ? CAUSES OV]FL[4 #H GOES ) #B1 S CLE> #B & SET #A LEFT4 ,F9ALLY1 ADD #G TO ! LEFT COLUMN4 ,AG ? CAUSES OV]FL[3 #G GOES ) #C1 S CLE> #C & SET "O LEFT "4 ,HOPE;LLY WE >RIVE AT ! F9AL ANSW] ( #A1BDE4 ,AG1 = PRACTICE1 TRY ! SAME SUM ! O!R WAY >.D3 #GHI "6 #DEF4 ,Y %D GET ! SAME ANSW]4 ,SUBTRAC;N ,SUBTRAC;N IS V SIMIL> TO ADDI;N1 B 9 REV]SE4 ,TRY #HD "- #CA4 ,/>T BY SETT+ #HD ON ! TWO "RMO/ COLUMNS4 ,!N SIMPLY MOVE ! ! ABACUS #G SECOND NUMB]1 #CA1 AWAY F ! B>4 ,! ANSW] ( #EC IMMLY APPE>S4 ,SIMIL> TO ADDI;N1 "UFL[S & BORR[S O3UR 9 SUBTRAC;N SUMS1 & L ADDI;N1 SIMIL> RULES APPLY4 ,= EXAMPLE3 #GB "- #BI4 #I C'T 2 DIRECTLY TAK5 F #B1 S 9/1D1 ADD #A & CLE> #A LEFT4 ,!N F9I% ! SUM REMOV+ #B F ! #F 9 ! SECOND COLUMN1 TO GIVE ! ANSW] ( #DC4 ,%ORT ,MULTIPLICA;N ,MULTIPLICA;N IS BASICALLY A RAPID =M ( MULTIPLE ADDI;N1 PLUS ! USE ( ORD9>Y "TS TABLES4 ,SET ! F/ NUMB] TWO COLUMNS TO ! LEFT ( ": ! ANSW] W APPE>4 ,LET'S TRY ! SUM #BIF "TS #C4 ,/>T BY SETT+ #BIF ON ! FIF?1 F\R? & ?IRD COLUMNS AT ! "R1 L1V+ TWO SP>E AT ! "R4 ,! F/ CALCULA;N IS #F "TS #C3 #AH4 ,S1 SET #AH IMMLY TO ! "R ( ! #F1 !N CLE> ! #F4 ,MOVE TO ! NEXT DIGIT3 #I "TS #C3 #BG4 ,S SET #BG IMMLY TO ! "R ( ! #I & CLE> ! ! ABACUS #H #I4 ,F9ALLY1 #B "TS #C3 #F4 ,S SET #JF IMMLY TO ! "R ( ! #B & CLE> ! #B4 ,NOTICE ! Z]O1 ! ANSW] ALW TAKES TWO COLUMNS4 ,! ANSW] APPE>S Z #HHH4 ,WE CD 3T9UE ) L;G MULTIPLICA;N3 ! IDEA IS ! SAME B Y L1VE FUR!R SP>E COLUMNS TO ! "R = ! ADDI;NAL MULTIPLICA;NS ( EA* ( ! DIGITS4 ,DIVI.N C AL 2 D"O1 ) ! ANSW] APPE>+ TWO COLUMNS TO ! LEFT4 "33333333333