#a

        ,,,! brailli/s f.da;n,'
              "33333333333
         ,,,:at is a brf & :y,'
           ,,,wd y want "o8,'
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,welcome back to
,brlca/ ,extra4 ,com+ up ? "t1 ,:at ,is
,a ,,brf ,file ,& ,:y ,wd ,y ,want ,"o1
a ses.n record$ on ,tues"d1 #dth ,may
#bjba1 pres5t$ by me & 9troduc$ by ,dave
,williams4
  ,dave ,williams3 ,gd ev5+ & a v w>m
welcome back to ! ,brailli/s ,f.da;n &
\r regul> ,tues"d ev5+ ,ma/] ,class4 ,?
ev5+ ,mat!w ,horspool w 2 9troduc+ u to
! subject ( ,,brf4 ,:y wd y want a
,,brf8 ,h[ wd y cr1te a ,,brf8 ,:at mi<t
y d ) a ,,brf8 ,mat!w w 2 guid+ u "? all
( t %ortly & tak+ yr "qs ( c\rse z well4
  ,z alw1 on mod]a;n duties ? ev5+1 is
,b54 ,gd ev5+ to y1 sir4
  ,b5 ,mu/ill-,rose3 ,hello4 ,go+ to 2
an 9t]e/+ "o ? ev5+1 ,i ?9k1 actually4
  ,dave ,williams3 ,yes1 9de$1 bit
te*nical possibly4 ,mat!w w let u "k
%ortly b ,i ?9k lots ( practical
             :at is a ,,brf           #b
applica;n z well4
  ,b5 ,mu/ill-,rose3 ,yes4 ,we 7 talk+
ab ? e>li] actually & ,i 0 say+1 x's "o
( ^? ?+s ": y maybe don't ?9k y ne$ x b
:5 y actually 4cov] :at ,,brf files >e
us$ = & h[ v]satile !y >e1 ,i wd say t
!n1 !y d actually come 9 q use;l1 b ,i
guess t's a bit ( a spoil]1 all w 2
rev1l$ %ortly4
  ,dave ,williams3 ,s1 we'll get to h[
to raise h&s & all t gd /uff :5 we get
r.d to "qs4 ,"! is q a lot ( 3t5t to get
"? tn4
  ,2f we jump 9to t1 a rem9d] ( "s ( !
o!r ?+s t >e happ5+ >.d ! ,brailli/s4
,don't =get1 ( c\rse1 y c keep up to
date ) all \r news "? ! ,brailli/s
newslr1 s any la/ m9ute *anges or if y'd
l a h1ds-up on :at topics we're go+ to 2
cov]+ 9 future weeks1 = example 9 two
weeks "t1 we're hop+ to 2 br++ to y a
ses.n ab ,brl on ,&roid1 a subject we
get ask$ ab q a lot4 ,s1 if y'd l to "k
:at's com+ up1 d sign up = \r newslr1 if
y're n alr4 ,y c d t f ! brailli/s4org
website4
             :at is a ,,brf           #c
  ,a rem9d] ab \r ,?urs"d ni<t ,brl book
club4 ,t />ts at ! sli<tly e>li] "t (
#fpm4 ,we h rooms = di6]5t r1d+
abilities1 2g9n+1 9t]m$iate & m exp]i;ed
,brl r1d]s4 ,y're v welcome to jo9 !
book club4
  ,next week on ,tues"d at #g3#cj1 we'll
2 reop5+ \r ,brl ,b> : is an op5
opportun;y = y to ask any ,brl-relat$
"qs1 :e!r t's ab code1 kit1 t1*+ or "s?+
t we hav5't ?"\ (4 ,s1 any?+ ,brl-relat$
& we usually h a ll panel t we put tgr
:o w 2 v happy to take yr ,brl-relat$
"qs & t's next ,tues"d at #g3#cj4
  ,don't =get1 ( c\rse1 ^! ses.ns >e run
9 l9e ) ! ,brailli/s ,f.da;n mod]a;n
policy1 s we d try to keep "o p]son at a
"t sp1k+ s "eybody's n talk+ ov] ea* o!r
: makes x a lot easi] to he>1 especially
= p diall+ 9 on ! teleph"o4
  ,:5 we get to "qs1 y w 2 9vit$ to
raise yr h& & !n ,b5 w ac"kl$ge ! h&s &
y'll 2 able to put yr "q to ,mat!w4
  ,s1 )\t any fur!r ado1 ,i'm go+ to
9troduce \r gd fr & tr1sur] ( !
,brailli/s ,f.da;n1 "sbody ) a 3sid]able
             :at is a ,,brf           #d
exp]i;e 9 ! subject ( ,brl transcrip;n1
al *airs ! ,brl ,g5]al ,gr\p at ,,ukaaf
& com;tat$ on la/ ye>'s ,9t]na;nal
,c\ncil on ,5gli% ,brl's ,g5]al
,assembly :5 t 0 ho/$ virtually f !
,,uk4 ,mr4 ,mat!w ,horspool1 gd ev5+ to
y4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,gd ev5+1 ,dave4 ,y
make me s.d t]ribly pr(es.nal4 ,i'm n
r1lly us$ to x4 ,i'm / us$ to ?9k+ ,i'm
j ? p]son t does a bit ( ,brl "h & "!4
  ,x's wond];l to 2 back ) "eybody4
,i've pres5t$ a c\ple ( ,ma/] ,classes =
! ,brailli/s & a lot ( y w "k me f o!r
,brailli/s calls & ! ,brlca/ podca/ & !
help address & "o or two o!r ?+s l t4
  ,9 ? ses.n1 we're go+ to talk ab ,,brf
files4 ,hope;lly t's :at y're expect+4
,if y're n expect+ ,,brf files1 !n hang
>.d anyway 2c y mi<t f9d ! ses.n 9t]e/+4
,if y >e expect+ ,,brf files1 hope;lly
y'll al f9d ! ses.n 9t]e/+4
  ,j to give y a qk summ>y1 "!'s go+ to
2 probably q a lot ( talk+ td4 ,i'm
r1lly sorry ab t b x's "o ( ^? ?+s ": y
?9k1 8,oh1 x's j a ,,brf file4 ,:at cd y
             :at is a ,,brf           #e
possibly say80 & !n y write d[n a li/ (
:at y're go+ to say & ! li/ j gets l;g]
& l;g] & l;g]4
  ,i'm go+ to try to keep x z snappy z
,i c4 ,if "!'s "t to run a c\ple (
demos1 ,i'll run a c\ple ( demos b ,i am
j go+ to try & get "? ! 9=ma;n & give "t
= "qs & maybe "!'ll 2 ! pot5tial to run
"s ( ! demos4 ,if we don't get to !m on
! ses.n tn1 ,i'll run "s ( ^? demos &
publi% !m on ! ,brlca/ podca/ 9 due
c\rse4
  ,we're go+ to talk ab :at a ,,brf file
is4 ,we're go+ to talk ab3 :y we ne$ !m
& "s typical uses ( ,,brf files2 "*i/ics
( ,,brf files : s.ds aw;lly te*nical b
x's ess5tially :at >e !y1 h[ >e !y made
up "un1? ! hood2 "s ( ! limita;ns (
,,brf files2 h[ to obta9 ,,brf files &
h[ to make yr [n2 h[ to cr1te !m f
scrat*2 r1d+ ,,brf files2 navigat+ ,,brf
files2 emboss+ ,,brf files & f9ally a
%ort sec;n ab ,duxbury & ,,brf files 2c
,duxbury has "s v 9t]e/+ ,,brf logic4
  ,i'm j go+ to talk = ab #be m9utes1
half an h\r1 & see h[ f> ,i get & !n
             :at is a ,,brf           #f
we'll evaluate h[ m* fur!r we c g &
maybe take "s "qs4
  ,:at is a ,,brf file8 ,well1 ,i notice
we've got ,james ,b[d5 on ! call & he
mi<t wi% to come 9 a bit lat] on to
correct me on ?4 ,i don't actually "k ":
,,brf came f4 ,we n[ "k x z ,brl ,r1dy
,file & "! is a h&\t = ? ses.n & ,i've
put ,brl ,r1dy ,file 9 ! h&\t 2c x's !
be/ def9i;n t ,i've got4 ,"s"ts p call x
,=matt$ ,brl b :e!r ,brl ,r1dy ,file
came f/ & !n !y %ort5$ x to ,,brf or
,,brf came f/ & !n "sbody %ort5$ x to
,brl ,r1dy ,file1 ,i don't "k4
  ,x's a text-bas$ =mat4 ,x's be5 >.d =
a lot ( ye>s1 probably s9ce ab ! #aihjs
or #aiijs1 at l1/1 & :at x all[s u to d
is to /ore & retrieve comb9a;ns ( ,brl
dots 9 ! same way z a pla9 text file
all[s u to /ore & retrieve comb9a;ns (
pr9t lrs & numb]s4
  ,s1 :at we're ess5tially say+ is x's
,brl f/4 ,? is n a file l a ,micros(t
,^w file t has "ey?+ 9 pr9t & !n y h to
translate x4 ,? file has ,brl f/4
  ,"!'s no (ficial /&>d = ,,brf4
             :at is a ,,brf           #g
,"eybody ?9ks x 3=ms to ! ,,brf /&>d4
,actually "!'s isn't "o4 ,y c make any
sort ( file & call x a ,,brf file if y
want4 ,h["e1 x's 2+ us$ by transcrip;n
companies lit]ally all ov] ! _w1 ,,rnib
use !m1 ,,aph1 ,na;nal ,brl ,press1
,vi.n ,au/ralia1 ,,rnzfb \ 9 ,new ,z1l&1
"eybody uses !m & !y h be5 ex*ang$ all
>.d ! _w & ! ,m>rake% ,tr1ty w make t a
lot easi]4 ,s1 ov] "t "s 3v5;ns h em]g$
& mo/ p d 3=m to ^? 3v5;ns4 ,s1 al? "!'s
no /&>d z s*1 "! is a de facto /&>d &
x's a gd idea to foll[ x 2c o!rwise ,brl
h>dw>e mi<t n play nicely ) !m4
  ,"! >e o!r =mats t >e simil> to ,,brf
t we won't cov] b ,i d j want to br+ !m
up v briefly s y "k :at !y >e4 ,"!'s a
=mat call$ ;,,brl4 ;,,brl & ,,brf1 ,i h
to say1 ,i don't "k :at ! di6];e is4 ,i
?9k ? is ": hav+ no /&>d r1lly k9d (
comes 9to xs [n4
  ,:5 ,i f/ />t$ transcrib+ ,brl1 ,i us$
a program call$ ,ciph] & ,ciph] sav$ :at
x call$ ;,,brl files & :5 ,i re"nd ^?
;,,brl files to ,,brf1 !y "w$ exactly !
same z a ,,brf file wd "w4 ,s1 z f> z
             :at is a ,,brf           #h
,i'm 3c]n$1 "!'s no di6];e4 ,i ?9k "! >e
"s di6];es "s ( ! "t 9 t ;,,brl doesn't
3ta9 z m* =matt+ 9=ma;n "s"ts z ,,brf
does b r1lly x's j a file ext5.n t
"sbody decid$ to use "o "d 2c !y didn't
l ,,brf1 z f> z ,i c tell4
  ,!n we h ! portable emboss] =mat1 or
,,pef4 ,? is a /&>d t ,i r1lly wi% _h
tak5 (f4 ,! ?+ ab ,,pef is t x 3ta9s a
lot m 9=ma;n 9 a m* m /ructur$ way ?an a
,,brf file does4 ,s1 x 3ta9s metadata
ab1 = example1 :e!r ! book is 9 multiple
volumes1 : volume y're in1 :at size page
is ? book =1 all ? sort ( ?+4 ,x al uses
,unicode ,brl patt]ns 9/1d ( ,,ascii
,brl patt]ns & we'll get onto m ( ^?
te*nicalities a bit lat] on4
,un=tunately :at t m1ns is t ,,pef files
>e v l>ge & q unruly & !y seem to h
fall5 9to 4use4 ,i'm n sure t ! /&>d 0
"e widely adopt$ b x r1lly has 2come a
bit r$undant n[4
  ,s1 ,i've sd t a ,,brf file is ,brl
f/4 ,:y d we ne$ x8 ,we don't h a ,fr5*
f/ file =mat4 ,we j write 9 ,^w4 ,we
don't h an ,>abic f/ file =mat4 ,we j
             :at is a ,,brf           #i
write 9 ,^w4 ,:y d we ne$ to worry ab x8
  ,! r1son is 2c 9 ,brl1 "! is n a
/rai<t=w>d "o to "o mapp+ ( "*s4 ,s1 :at
,i m1n by t is1 = example1 9 pr9t a
numb] "o is alw a s+le "* & x's alw !
numb] "o1 x looks l a numb] "o4 ,9 ,brl1
y wd >gue t ! numb] "o is two "*s4 ,x's
! numb] sign1 foll[$ by ! lr ,a4 ,h["e1
x's n /rictly true t ! numb] "o is alw a
numb] sign foll[$ by ! lr ,a4 ,:at
happ5s1 = example1 if we're ,braill+ !
numb] #aa4 ,we don't ,brl numb] sign1
,a1 numb] sign1 ,a4 ,we j ,brl numb]
sign1 ,a1 ,a4
  ,! same ?+ happ5s 9 rev]se4 ,! ^w 8!0
9 pr9t is ?ree "*s4 ,x's ;,t1 ;,h & ;,e4
,9 ,brl x's only "o "*4 ,x's ! ,,!
3trac;n1 dots #b #c #d #f4 ,b x's n z
/rai<t=w>d z say+1 well1 ? is ! ,,!
3trac;n1 :5"e y see ,,!1 y m/ r5d] ^!
f\r dots1 2c :at ab ^ws l 8nor?1/01 ": y
h to use ! ,,th 3trac;n foll[$ by ! ,,ea
3trac;n to %[ t ! f/ half ( ! ^w is
8nor?0 & ! second half ( ! ^w is 8ea/04
  ,"! >e ,brl fonts = comput]s4 ,!y d
exi/ & !y d "w well4 ,b fonts >e n
             :at is a ,,brf          #aj
9tellig5t4 ,fonts j 4play :at !y're told
to 4play & "! is no way 9 : y c codify
all ( ! ,brl rules 9to a font4 ,? is n !
same z 9 ,fr5*4 ,if y're writ+ 9 ,fr5*1
= example1 & y h an ;e acute1 x's alw an
;e acute1 "!'s no 3t5t 9 : y'd g1 8,y "k
:at1 an ;e acute isn't writt5 l ?40 ,!
;e acute is alw writt5 l an ;e acute1 s
a font c d xs job4
  ,:at we al ne$ 9 addi;n to talk+ ab
translat+ pr9t 9to ,brl is a foolpro(
way ( writ+ ,brl xf4 ,s1 = example1 if
y're a ,brl t1*] & yr /ud5t wants to
write ,brl electronically1 on a ,brl
note tak] or a ,brl 4play or on a
comput]1 ! ,brl t1*] ne$s a foolpro( way
( look+ at ! 3trac;ns t ! /ud5t has us$1
s t ! t1*] c !n say1 8,okay1 y didn't
use ! ,,! 3trac;n "h b y cd h d"o10 or1
8,y didn't use ! ,,wh 3trac;n "h b y cd
h d"o40 ,we ne$ a way ( 2+ able to
codify t 9=ma;n4
  ,simil>ly if y're tak+ notes1 y mi<t
miss \ a 3trac;n or add an extra 3trac;n
in1 if y want to %[ pronuncia;n4 ,or if
y're writ+ ,brl music1 y ne$ to 2 assur$
             :at is a ,,brf          #aa
t :5 y write \1 = example1 a ,,th sign :
is a crot*et ;,c1 t x w 2 writt5 \ )\t !
comput] try+ to translate t 9to a ,,th
sign4 ,we ne$ a ,brl f/ =mat4
  ,? is ": ,,brf comes in4
  ,s1 )9 t1 "! >e two uses = x4 ,we've
/or$ ! ,brl4 ,! two uses = a ,brl file
2y /or+ ,brl >e q simply to emboss x \ 9
h>d copy or to r1d x on an electronic
,brl 4play4
  ,let's talk ab h[ a ,,brf file is
3/ruct$4 ,at xs core1 x's a pla9 text
file4 ,x's ! same sort ( file t y wd
cr1te 9 an applica;n l ,notepad on a
comput]4 ,x's n ! same sort ( ?+ z a
,micros(t ,^w docu;t4 ,? is r1lly !
di6];e 2t ,,brf & ,,pef4 ,,pef wd h be5
m l a ,micros(t ,^w docu;t 2c y c put
bold & italics & y c put /yles 9 & ?+s l
t4 ,a ,,brf file is n4 ,x's v
/rai<t=w>d4 ,x's ! sort ( file t y wd
load 9to ,notepad4
  ,! way ? "ws is t "! >e #fd unique
comb9a;ns4 ,"! >e ! #fc dot patt]ns plus
! space4 ,ea* ( ^! dot patt]ns h be5
assign$ a key on ! keybo>d or a "*1 if y
             :at is a ,,brf          #ab
l4 ,! way ^! assign;ts 7 drawn up is n
r&om1 al? x mi<t seem r&om until y get
us$ to h[ !y "w4
  ,ag1 ,i'm n q sure :at came f/4 ,i'm n
sure :e!r ,,brf files came f/ or ! ,,u
comput] ,brl code came f/1 b "! is ? ?+
call$ ! ,,u ,comput] ,brl ,code & x has
! symbol assign;ts t >e mo/ commonly us$
9 ,,brf files4
  ,! o!r use = ! ,,u ,comput] ,brl
,code1 a"p f to write ,,brf files v
qkly1 is if y're = example programm+ & y
ne$ t "o to "o "* mapp+ to make sure t
code l9es up or "s?+1 !n y c use ! ,,u
,comput] ,brl ,code = t1 or 9de$ ! ,,uk
,comput] ,brl ,code & m* m talk ab t is
2y ! scope ( ? ses.n b y j ne$ to "k t
,,brf files pr$om9antly >e bas$ on ! ,,u
,comput] ,brl ,code4
  ,s1 ! lrs ,a to ;,z look l ! lrs ,a to
;,z4 ,"!'s no?+ surpris+ ab t4 ,if ,i
want$ to write ! ^w 8,hello0 9 a ,,brf
file1 ,i wd lit]ally write ! ^w 8;;,h-
,e-,l-,l-,o01 no problems "!4
  ,h["e1 ! l[] signs1 h[ to write ! l[]
signs8 ,by ! l[] signs1 ,i m1n dot #b1 a
             :at is a ,,brf          #ac
l[] ;b1 middle ;,c1 l[] ;d1 l[] ;e1 l[]
;f1 all ^? sorts ( ?+s1 l[] ;g1 l[] i1
l[] ;j4 ,to write ^? we use ! numb]s4
,s1 = example1 if ,i want$ to write a
full /op1 ,i wd write ! numb] f\r4 ,s1
if ,i want$ to write 8,hello1 full /op10
,i wd write1 8;;,h-,e-,l-,l-,o #d40 ,if
,i want$ to write 8,hello1 exclama;n
m>k10 ,i wd write1 8;;,h-,e-,l-,l-,o
#f40 ,& if ,i want$ to write 8,hello1 "q
m>k10 ,i wd write 8;;,h-,e-,l-,l-,o #h40
  ,9 practice y don't ne$ to worry ab ?
too m* 2c y'll 2 ei translat+ a ,,brf
file us+ ,duxbury or "s o!r ,brl
transla;n program or y'll 2 writ+ 9 six-
key 5try on "s?+ l an ,orbit ,r1d] & y
won't ne$ to worry x 2c ! ,orbit ,r1d] w
put 9 ! "r symbols at ! "r "t4 ,s ? is j
s y h "s idea ( h[ we 3/ruct$ all ( ?4
  ,simil>ly "! >e r&om comb9a;ns ( dots1
l1 = example1 ! dot #f capital4 ,well1 !
dot #f capital1 2c we c write a comma z
a numb] "o1 we don't ne$ ! comma to 2
dot #b1 s we c use ! comma z dot #f4 ,s
if ,i want$ to write a capital 8,,hello1
full /op10 ,i'd write 8comma ;;,h-,e-,l-
             :at is a ,,brf          #ad
,l-,o #d40
  ,& t's h[ we d x4 ,"!'s basically a
symbol = e "* 9 ,brl4 ,if y want ! 8(0
sign1 y d a left p>5!sis4 ,if y want a
8)0 sign1 y d a "r p>5!sis4 ,if y want
an 8&0 sign1 use ! amp]s&1 & s x goes
on4
  ,"! is a h&\t t w 2 made available :5
! record+ is made available & = p :o >e
9t]e/$1 "! is actually a :ole li/ ( all
( ! #fd ,brl "*s & :at symbol y wd use =
ea* "o1 if y want to write ,,brf by h&1
b1 z ,i say1 y probably don't ne$ to 9
mo/ cases4
  ,,brf files t orig9ate 9 c.tries ":
,5gli% is n ! native language1 & ,i
won't 3c5trate too m* on ?1 b x's n
/rictly nec to use ! ,,u ,comput] ,brl
,code4 ,mo/ ,,brf files d4 ,if we 7
writ+ ,fr5* 9 an ,5gli% 3text1 s if we 7
an ,5gli% transcrib] writ+ a ,fr5* text
book1 we wd / use ! ,,u ,comput] ,brl
,code & = ! ;e acute1 we wd j use !
symbol = ! 8=0 sign4
  ,if y're 9 ,fr.e1 !y mi<t use ! ,fr5*
,comput] ,brl ,code4 ,"!'s no?+ wr;g )
             :at is a ,,brf          #ae
t4 ,y j ne$ to tell yr ,brl device t yr
,brl file 0 writt5 9 ,fr5* ,comput] ,brl
,code 9/1d ( ,5gli% ,comput] ,brl ,code4
,h"o/ly1 don't worry ab x4 ,assume t x's
writt5 9 ,,u1 un.s x doesn't r5d]
prop]ly4
  ,! o!r important "*i/ic to note ab a
,,brf file is xs lay\t4 ,! lay\t is v
/rict4 ,"!'s usually a r1son :y a ,,brf
file 0 cr1t$4 ,x 0 ei cr1t$ = r1d+ on a
,brl 4play or x 0 cr1t$ = emboss+4 ,x 0
r>ely cr1t$ = bo?4 ,if a ,,brf file 0
cr1t$ = emboss+1 x mi<t1 = example1 h
page numb]s4 ,x mi<t h runn+ h1d]s4 ,x
mi<t h 3t5ts pages1 all ( ? sort ( ?+4
,^! h to 2 mapp$ \ v1 v precisely4
  ,if1 = example1 yr page is #dj "*s l;g
& y want a page numb] to 2 9 ! la/ two
cells ( ! l9e1 ! only way to a*ieve ?1
2c x's only a pla9 text =mat1 is
lit]ally to d #ch spaces & !n ! numb]
sign & !n ! lr i if x's page n9e or :at
h y4
  ,simil>ly1 if y want to c5tre "s?+ on
t l9e1 if y want to c5tre twelve colons
on t l9e1 y'd h to d #ad spaces & !n !
             :at is a ,,brf          #af
#ab colons : wd 2 #c #c #c #c #c #c #c
#c #c #c #c #c4 ,or 9de$ 9 ,,ueb1 quote
#c #c #c #c #c #c #c #c #c #c #c #c1 = !
dot #e t y wd ne$ 9 front ( ^? colons4
  ,? m1ns t ! lay\ts ne$ to mat* = be/
results4 ,if y h a ,,brf file t 0 writt5
= a ,p]k9s page1 s x's #dj "*s to ! l9e1
& y want to emboss t ,,brf file on an
,a#d page1 gd luck to y4 ,x's v di6icult
to d x 2c :at w happ5 is 2c x 0 5cod$ =
a #dj "* l9e1 & yr ,a#d page only has1
say1 #cb "*s on t l9e1 ! emboss] w try
to br1k ! l9e at ! appropriate po9t4 ,s1
:at y'll get is l9e ( #cb cells & !n on
! next l9e1 ! rema9+ ei<t cells t >e
ov]spill$4 ,x w n play nice ) pag9a;n4
,y'll probably only get page numb]s e
two pages or :at h y1 2c x's 9troduc+ an
extra l9e all ! "t & x w g5]ally d q
na/y ?+s4 ,! answ] to ? problem1 buy "s
,p]k9s pap] if y've got a file t ne$s
,p]k9s pap]4
  ,if y're 9 rev]se1 if y've got an ,a#d
file & all y've got a3ess to is ,p]k9s
pap]1 t's f9e1 y'll j get a r1lly1 r1lly
wide "r m>g94
             :at is a ,,brf          #ag
  ,! same sorts ( ?+s happ5 on ,brl
4plays un.s y've got c]ta9 sett+s turn$
on1 & ? is :y peculi>ities happ5 on !
,orbit ,r1d] :51 = example1 "s"ts y get
a hyph5 at ! 5d ( a ,brl l9e1 = ^w
divi.n1 & !n y f9d t ! ,orbit has j sort
( c>ri$ on b x's put a space af ! hyph5
& y wond] :y "!'s a r&om space af !
hyph5 :5 "! %dn't be4
  #a ,:at's happ5$ is t ! ,orbit ,r1d]
has 9tellig5tly "w$ \ t y don't actually
want to g onto ! next l9e1 s x's j add$
a space & c>ri$ on4 ,b if t sett+ is
turn$ (f1 :at y wd f9d on ! ,orbit ,r1d]
is y'd h probably two l;g l9es foll[$ by
"o %ort l9e or "s?+ l t4
  ,on a ,brl,note1 if y're r1d+ a #ch
cell to ! l9e ,,brf file on a #cb cell
,brl,note1 y'll q (t5 5d up 9 a situa;n
": y've got a full l9e & !n probably ab
a fif? or a six? ( a l9e 2c ! ,brl,note
has _h to take a new l9e & !n ei<t cells
lat]1 ! ,,brf file has al tak5 a new
l9e4 ,s1 x's important to be> t 9 m9d4
,t sd1 ? is j /uff t y get us$ to4 ,if y
r1d ,,brf files on electronic ,brl
             :at is a ,,brf          #ah
4plays on a regul> basis1 y get us$ to ?
& x /ops bo!r+ y b t's :y x happ5s4
  ,! o!r r1lly important ?+ is t x's h>d
to *ange ,brl codes4 ,s1 let's take a
/ep backw>ds4 ,if yr native language is
,5gli%1 b y've be5 s5t a ,micros(t ,^w
docu;t 9 ,fr5*1 ! docu;t w alw 2 9
,fr5*4 ,if y want t docu;t to 2 9
,5gli%1 y've got to use "s?+ l ,google
,translate1 o!r transla;ns >e available4
,y've got to use a tool l t4 ,y c't j g
9to ,micros(t ,^w & *ange yr sett+s & "!
y g1 ! docu;t's 9 ,5gli% n[4
  ,x's ! same1 2c ,,brf is a ,brl f/
=mat1 x's only /or+ ! 3trac;ns t !
transcrib] wants x to /ore4 ,s1 if y h a
,,brf file1 & t ,,brf file is 9 ,,ueb
,grade #b & y wd l to r1d t 9 ,,ueb
,grade #a1 y're \ ( luck4 ,y _c g 9to yr
sett+s & *ange ! sett+s to ,grade #a &
by magic1 ! ,,brf file w update4 ,!
,,brf file /ores ! ,brl 9=ma;n 9 ,grade
#b4
  ,if y want to r1d x 9 ,grade #a1 & ?
is :y we h problems ) ! ;,,sd c>d on !
,orbit ,r1d]1 2c n all books >e 9 ,grade
             :at is a ,,brf          #ai
#a1 y ne$ a sep>ate ,,brf file4
  ,if y're feel+ adv5tur\s1 y c cr1te
"o4 ,y c use "s transla;n s(tw>e1 y c
back-translate ! ,grade #b file & !n
=w>d-translate x 9 ,grade #a4 ,y're
welcome to try4 ,yr mil1ge w v>y4 ,"s
,,brf files1 t "ws amaz+ly well1 o!rs1
especially if !y've got tables or !y've
got 3t5ts pages or page numb]s1 2 prep>$
= a lot ( t =matt+ to get lo/ & !
pag9a;n to j g all ov] ! place4 ,x is
possible to d x & if y sp5d 5 "t $it+ !
file1 !n y'll get dec5t results \ ( x4
  ,s1 t has be5 a v brief ov]view ( :at
,,brf files >e & :at !y're n & :at y c d
) !m4 ,i w /op = "qs 9 j a mo;t4 ,2f ,i
d t1 ,i want to talk ab ": y get ,,brf
files f4 ,! easie/ answ] to t "q is f yr
libr>y1 f yr speciali/ bl;s libr>y4 ,s1
= example1 ,,rnib ,r1d+ ,s]vices has a
collec;n ( ,,brf files or 9de$ ,,brf
files >e on ! c>d t y get ) yr ,orbit
,r1d]4
  ,,b>d1 9 ! ,/ates1 ,brl & ,audio ,r1d+
,d[nloads1 f ! ,na;nal ,libr>y ,s]vice1
al has ,,brf files4 ,! ,c5tre =
             :at is a ,,brf          #bj
,equitable ,libr>y ,a3ess 9 ,canada1 t
is ,,cela1 ,i 2lieve t has ,,brf files4
,& book%>e4org1 : is pr$om9antly 9 ! ,,u
b x does h an 9t]na;nal flav\r1 x al has
,,brf files4
  ,z ,i've alr m5;n$1 y c cr1te yr [n
,,brf files1 if y want to4 ,to d t1 y'd
ne$ a ,brl transla;n program1 l ,duxbury
or ,braille#bjjj or ,brl,bla/] or 9de$ !
free tool ,s5d ,to ,brl : doesn't make
"picul>ly nice look+ ,,brf files b x
does make ,,brf files4 ,we cov]$ ,s5d
,to ,brl 9 \r ,m>kd[n episode : is on \r
,m$ia page on ,tak+ ,notes ,= ,o!rs4
  ,if "!'s "t1 ,i'll run a qk demo ( !
,s5d ,to ,brl tool 2c x's q a use;l tool
= cr1t+ qk & dirty ,,brf files f1 say1
,micros(t ,^w or ,,pdf or ,,txt or :at h
y1 b y c d ? fairly easily4
  ,9 a second1 ,i'm go+ to talk ab h[ to
r1d a ,,brf file4 ,i'm go+ to talk ab h[
to navigate !m & h[ to emboss !m4 ,i'm
actually go+ to /op to get a dr9k ( wat]
n[ & :ile ,i d t1 if p want to ask any
"qs1 we'll probably take "qs = ab #ae
m9utes or s4
             :at is a ,,brf          #ba
  ,b5 ,mu/ill-,rose3 ,?ank y1 ,mat!w1 a
grt1 ?or\< 9troduc;n "!4 ,z ,mat!w sd1
we'll take "qs4 ,if y'd l to ask a "q1
"! >e a c\ple ( ways y c d s1 dep5d+ on
:at device y're us+ b !y all 9volve
rais+ yr h&4 ,if y're on ,w9d[s1 y c
press ;,alt-;,y to raise yr h&1 if y're
on a ,mac1 y c press ,op;n-;,y4 ,if y're
diall+ on a teleph"o1 y c press />-n9e4
,if y're an i,device s* z an i,ph"o1
i,pad or i,pod ,t\*1 y c press ! ,m
button : is 9 ! bottom "r ( yr scre5 &
,i 2lieve t's visually repres5t$ by ?ree
dots & !n once y're press$ t1 y'll f9d a
,raise ,h& button4
  ,we try to give p a ll bit ( w>n+ 2f
we g to !m1 s = example ! f/ p]son we're
go+ to g to is ,b>t & we say t j 9 case
any"o's mak+ a cup ( tea1 j s t we don't
cat* up !m \4 ,s1 we're go+ to come to
,b>t f/ & !n ,/eve4
  ,b>t3 ,i'm n an ,5gli% sp1k] s ,i h
problems ) ! ,5gli% 3trac;ns & s my "q
is1 :y wd ,i want to r1d a ,,brf file on
my ,brl 4play8 ,"! >e1 f/ ( all1 !
problems ) ! l9e l5g? t y expla9$4 ,if
             :at is a ,,brf          #bb
,i h a #cb cell 4play & my file is = #dj
"*s1 x's n id1l4 ,b :y n use ! ,brl
table1 transcrip;n table 9 ! scre5 r1d]8
,if t's a gd ,brl table1 x %d give me m
or less ! same results on my ,brl 4play
z ,i wd h _h emboss$ on pap]4 ,s1 :y use
? =matt$ docu;t8
  ,& al ! 4advantage ( r1d+ ,,brf is t
"! is no r1l support ( ! syn!tic voice4
,y expla9$ y use a li/ ( "*s to repres5t
,brl b if y let x sp1k by syn!tic voice1
"! is no gd support = t4 ,s1 x wd r1lly
2 a 4advantage = me to r1d s* a book1 2c
y _c turn (f ! ,grade #b & my "q wd al
be1 :y n make ! books 9 ,unicode ,brl 2c
^! >e1 ,i ?9k1 a bit m /&>d8
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,^? >e brilliant "qs
& ,i'm glad y ask$ !m1 2c 9 all ( t
spiel1 x 0 "o ( ! ?+s ,i neglect$ to
m5;n4 ,:y wdn't y j use ! built-9
transla;n8 ,"!'s absolutely no r1son
actually4 ,if y h built-9 transla;n & x
"ws = y1 g ah1d & use t4 ,t sd1 "! >e
situa;ns ": ! built-9 transla;n mi<t n
"w q z y expect4 ,s1 = example1 if ,i'm
us+ a ,brl device & ! f/ "o t spr+s to
             :at is a ,,brf          #bc
m9d is ! ,brailliant ,,bi #dj,x1 x's an
amaz+ ma*9e & ,i r1lly l x & ,i'm n try+
to say any?+ negative ab x1 b f my
exp]i;e ( x1 if y're load+ a book 9to x1
in1 say1 ,micros(t ,^w1 or :at h y1 x's
n ! be/ at d1l+ ) ! bold1 italics1 "ul9+
signs4 ,s1 if y're r1d+ a book ) lots (
italics 9 x1 & y ne$ ^? italics = "s
r1son1 at pres5t1 a human transcrib$
book wd 2 a bett] op;n = y4
  ,simil>ly ! ongo+ problems 9 ,5gl& (
quota;n m>ks v]sus apo/rophes1 a human
transcrib] is likely to h sort$ ^?
problems \1 ":as an automat$ sy/em mi<t
n h d"o1 & "! >e v>i\s ll anomalies1 if
y l1 ": y mi<t f9d t ! translator is n q
do+ ! job t y want x to d & actually a
,,brf file wd 2 bett]4
  ,simil>ly = tables1 if "!'s a table1 !
transcrib] w h d"o a nice job at
transcrib+ t table1 hope;lly1 & x mi<t
r5d] sli<tly bett] & transcrib]'s notes
= illu/ra;ns & o!r ?+s1 s* z speciali/
codes l ma?s & music1 "! >e v>i\s r1sons
:y a ,,brf file mi<t 2 ! bett] *oice4
  ,y >e "r1 x doesn't support syn!tic
             :at is a ,,brf          #bd
spee* v well at all1 2c ( all ! r&om
symbols4
  ,! o!r advantage is t !y're v small &
"s devices don't h built-9 transla;n at
all1 s ! ,orbit ,r1d]1 ! basic ,orbit
,r1d]1 y c't use a ,^w docu;t on !
,orbit ,r1d]1 x doesn't "w4 ,? m1ns t !
,orbit ,r1d] loads books amaz+ly qkly4
,i h n"e se5 a device load a book z qkly
z ! ,orbit ,r1d] & lit]ally a book cd 2
a c\ple ( hundr$ kilobytes4 ,x's t9y1
small1 absolutely wond];l4
  ,t k9d ( l1ds me on to :y y don't use
,unicode ,brl4 ,? has to d ) ! size (
,unicode "*s b my "u/&+ is1 if y us$
,unicode ,brl1 y wd ess5tially d\ble !
size ( ! ,,brf file4 ,? mi<t n 2 a
problem on mod]n ma*9es b :5 ,,brf 0
e/abli%$1 a"p f ! fact t ,unicode ,brl
didn't exi/ back !n1 size 0 v m* ( !
ess;e4
  ,i hope t's answ]$ ! "qs4
  ,b5 ,mu/ill-,rose3 ,?anks = t1 ,b>t1 f
,brl ,au?or;y ,belgium "!4 ,grt "qs4
,we're go+ to come to ,/eve ,pulley next
& !n ,claire4
             :at is a ,,brf          #be
  ,/eve3 ,i've got a c\ple ( "qs4 ,"o is
actually on ! ,brl ,unicode ag4 ,i j
wond]$ h[ t is /or$1 if y happ5 to "k4
,is x a numb] = ea* dot or is x a bit =
ea* dot1 z 9 a byte8 ,! second way ( do+
t wd keep ?+s "s:at %ort] b ,i'm j
vaguely curi\s4
  ,my ma9 "q r1lly 0 ab ! =matt+ 9 !
,,brf files4 ,>e "! o!r "*s : >e us$ to
help ) ! =matt+1 l1 = example1 c>riage
returns1 l9e fe$s1 =m fe$s = a page &
/uff l t8 ,! r1son :y ,i'm ask+ is ,i've
got "s ,,brf files : ,i wdn't m9d putt+
\ to an emboss] b ! la/ "t ,i did t1 x
kept los+ ! second half ( ! l9e4 ,x 0
m1nt to 2 a #dj "* l9e1 #be l9es p]
page1 b x seem$ to 2 los+ ! l9es4 ,i
don't "k :e!r t's 2c ! emboss] 0 expect+
to see new l9e "*s 9 :at"e =mat4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,q possibly1 & ,i
don't want to get 9to specifics ab :at
emboss] 7 y us+ & :at translator & :at
s(tw>e 2c we cd 2 "h all "d try+ to
debug x1 b "! >e problems l t4 ,i'll
talk a bit m ab t lat] 9 ! ses.n &
special "*s t y c use = naviga;n1 2c y
             :at is a ,,brf          #bf
>e "r4 ,y cd navigate1 = example1 by
pr9t page numb] or by ! l9es ( colons t
o3ur 2t *apt]s & ?+s4 ,s1 "! >e
def9itely ways to d x & ,i'll come onto
^? a bit lat]1 if y don't m9d4
  ,/eve3 ,i don't m9d at all4 ,z f> z y
"k1 d emboss]s t5d to use _! [n "picul>
way ( 9t]pret+ ?+s l new l9es8
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,emboss]s h a r1lly
unique "*4 ,emboss]s >e amaz+ ma*9es & !
be/ ?+ ,i c say1 y s.d l y "k :at y're
talk+ ab1 s ! be/ ?+ y c d is make frs )
yr emboss] & !n yr emboss] w make frs )
y & x w d exactly :at y want x to d1 b y
h to "k h[ to get ! be/ \ ( yr emboss] &
y >e "r1 di6]5t emboss]s d x 9 di6]5t
ways4 ,i'm v famili> ) ! ,9dex range (
,brl emboss]s & ,9dex1 if x sees a l9e
br1k1 x w take a l9e br1k1 no problem4
,if x sees a =m fe$1 x w take "o4 ,"! 7
problems ":1 = example1 if y _h a #bi
l9e ,,brf file & yr ,9dex 0 set to #bi
l9es1 ,9dex wd eject ! pap] 2c x wd ?9k
x _h r1*$ ! 5d ( ! page1 & !n x wd see a
=m fe$ & !n x wd eject ag 2c x didn't
take 9to a3.t ! fact t x _h alr eject$4
             :at is a ,,brf          #bg
  ,s1 "!'s all sorts ( ll quirks on
emboss]s & "p ( x al dep5ds on ! s(tw>e
& ! way ! ,,brf file 0 cr1t$ & y get l;g
l9es & %ort l9es & dots miss+ & all
sorts ( ?+s1 if y're n c>e;l4 ,! trick
is to make sure t ! emboss] & ! ,,brf
file mat* exactly or ! emboss] exce$s x4
,s1 if y're emboss+ a #dj by #be1 if y
set yr emboss] to #bf l9es1 t's normally
f9e4 ,x w normally cope ) t & x w eject
:5 x gets to #be & x'll g onto ! next
page4 ,b if y set x to #bd l9es1 x
won't4 ,x w g onto ! next page = l9e #be
& !n x'll g onto ! next page ag4
,simil>ly if y set x to #da or #db
cells1 x's normally f9e1 if y set x to
#dj1 x's normally f9e1 b if y set x to
#ch1 x'll g onto ! next l9e = two "*s &
!n drop onto ! next l9e ag :5 x sees !
l9e br1k4
  ,get to "k yr emboss] & ,i love ? sort
( ?+1 ,i cd sp5d all "d talk+ ab !
rela;n%ip 2t emboss]s & s(tw>e & all ?
sort ( ?+4 ,i wd 2 curi\s to "k :at
emboss] y're us+ b p]h by email1 2c ,i
r1lly cd lit]ally talk ab ? all "d & n"e
             :at is a ,,brf          #bh
move on to ! next sec;n4 ,drop a l9e to
help@abrailli/s4org & ,i'd love to
9ve/igate ? fur!r4
  ,on ! ,unicode blocks1 ,i'll 2 v qk 2c
,i don't h ! answ] 9 full1 b ess5tially
,unicode's bas$ on #h dot ,brl1 s "! >e
#abh ,unicode "*s 9 a block & ea* "o (
^? "*s repres5ts a comb9a;n4 ,s "!'s a
dot #a "*1 a dot #a #b "*1 etc41 s ,i
?9k x's "o bit p] dot b ,james ,b[d5
mi<t h m 9=ma;n & we'll try to get t to
y by email 2c x's gett+ q te*nical4
  ,b5 ,mu/ill-,rose3 ,?anks = t1 ,/eve4
,we're go+ to come to ,claire next & !n1
,mat!w1 ,i notice t we d h ,george ,bell
) 8 h& up ) :at ,i assume is a com;t z
oppos$ to a "q4 ,s1 we'll g to ,claire
f/4
  ,claire3 ,x took me t5 m9utes to get
9to ! site to li/5 to y & s ,i miss$ !
2g9n+ & ,i'm n v cle> :at a ,,brf file
is4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,x's a file ": x's
,brl f/1 s = example a pr9t file1 y h
lrs & numb]s1 a ,,brf file is a ,brl
file & x's basically y c specify t !
             :at is a ,,brf          #bi
file _h a dot #f & !n x _h an ;,m & !n x
_h an ,a & !n x _h a ;,t & !n x _h a ,,!
3trac;n & !n x _h a ;,w4 ,s1 x's a way (
repres5t+ ,brl dots1 z oppos$ to pr9t
lrs & numb]s4
  ,claire3 ,i'm a bit lo/1 ,i'm afraid4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,"! w 2 a record+ (
! ses.n & :at ,i'll d is ,i'll try to
rememb] to email y b if y g to
brailli/s4org_/m$ia probably e>ly next
week1 ! record+ w 2 po/$ "! & p]h x'll g
a bit sl[] & y'll 2 able to /op & rew9d
& maybe get a bett] idea4
  ,b5 ,mu/ill-,rose3 ,s1 ,mat!w1 m "qs
or 3t5t8
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,i've j notic$ we've
got ,james & ,george4 ,x mi<t 2 wor?
tak+ bo? ( ^? com;ts & !n mov+ on 2c
,james w h an 9t]e/+ po9t on ,unicode4
  ,b5 ,mu/ill-,rose3 ,s we'll g to
,george f/ & !n ,james4
  ,george3 ,,brf1 maybe we're \ 9 !
cl\ds "s":1 b ,i alw "u/ood x to /& =
,brl ,r1dy ,=mat1 n ,file4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,t's gd to "k &
,i'll update ! notes4
             :at is a ,,brf          #cj
  ,george3 ,i'm n sure if ,i mishe>d y
or n b ,i ?9k y sd "s?+ ab ,,brf,'s hav+
=matt+ 9=ma;n4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,no1 ,,brf,'s don't
h =matt+ 9=ma;n4 ,any =matt+ y d want1
y'd h to put x 9 ) spaces & new l9es &
=m fe$s4
  ,george3 ,f9ally1 we d get a lot (
support calls al;g ! l9es ( :at y 7
talk+ ab ) emboss]s4 ,i h f"\ & am w9n+
t ! dog %d wag ! tail1 n ! tail wag !
dog4 ,9 o!r ^ws1 y set yr emboss] up to
xs maximum defaults & all[ yr s(tw>e to
3trol ! emboss]4 ,s1 x doesn't matt] if
y want to s5d1 9 ! mo/ rec5t cases1 a
#dg1 #dh cells p] l9e or #cj "*s p] l9e4
,! emboss] w 2 told :at to d & ?ank;lly
t's 2com+ m & m help;l ^! "ds & c]ta9ly
r$uces \r support ef=ts4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,?anks1 ,george4
,t's k9d ( unique to ,duxbury at ? po9t
al? ! ,9dex driv]s & o!r emboss]s d h !
facil;y to d x4 ,s1 if o!r ,brl
translators want to imple;t x1 ! spec is
\ "!4
  ,james ,b[d53 ,/eve1 y 7 ask+ ab !
             :at is a ,,brf          #ca
,unicode ,brl4 ,? is go+ to 2 te*nical1
by def9i;n4 ,x's ,unicode #bh,,xx1 f
#bhjj to #bh,,ff & x is a bit p] dot4 ,s
#bhjj is no dots or ,brl space1 #bhja is
,brl dot #a1 #bhjb is ,brl dot #b1 #bhjd
is ,brl dot #c1 #bhjh is ,brl dot #d & s
on4 ,s1 ! six dot ,brl code w use
,unicode #bhjj to #bhc,f & !n ei<t dot
,brl code w add to #bhdj up to #bh,,ff4
,t is v te*nical b ,i hope t answ]s yr
"q4
  ,b5 ,mu/ill-,rose3 ,well1 "! y >e4 ,":
else cd y f9d \ ? /uff8 ,?ank y1 ,james4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,?ank y4 ,i'll c>ry
on & g "? ? next bit z fa/ z ,i c1 )\t
go+ s fa/ t p c't "u/& :at ,i'm say+4
  ,i'd l to />t ) ! practicalities4 ,h[
d y r1d a ,,brf file8 ,if y've be5 giv5
a ,,brf file1 say1 y've d[nload$ "o f
,r1d+ ,s]vices or ,,b>d or ,book%>e or
any ( ! o!rs1 h[ d y actually r1d x8
  ,well1 ! gd news is1 if y've got an
,orbit ,r1d]1 y don't ne$ to d any?+1
a"p f copy ! ,,brf file t y've d[nload$
to ! ;,,sd c>d & ,i'm n go+ to
demon/rate t 2c we've only got #ae
             :at is a ,,brf          #cb
m9utes left1 b ess5tially y c plug !
,orbit ,r1d] 9to yr comput] & !n x %[s
up l a drive1 l a ,,usb /ick1 & y c copy
! file to ! ,orbit ,r1d] & op5 ! ,,brf
file on ! ,orbit ,r1d] & x w r1d & x w 2
9 ! grade ( ,brl t y want1 hope;lly1 or
at l1/ ! grade ( ,brl t y expect$ & no
fur!r ac;n is requir$4
  ,t's ! case on q a few ,brl 4plays
actually1 t h ^! sorts ( func;nalities4
,y %d j 2 able to op5 x up1 ei 9 ! r1d]
app or 9 "s cases 9 ! $itor program4
  ,if y've got a ,brl 4play 3nect$ to a
comput]1 s ,i us$ to h ! previ\s g5]a;n1
,brailliant ,,bi #dj1 r ?an ! curr5t
,,bi #dj,x1 & ! ?+ ab ! previ\s g5]a;n1
,,bi #dj1 0 t y cdn't copy files to x4
,y lit]ally _h x 3nect$ to a scre5 r1d]
& t 0 all y _h4 ,y cd 3nect x to a
sm>tph"o or a tablet b x cdn't "w 9 a
/&al"o mode4
  ,s :at happ5s if ,i want to r1d a
,,brf file 9 t sort ( way8 ,well1 y c d
x4 ,"! >e v>i\s ways to d x4 ,y cd op5 !
,,brf file 9 ,duxbury & "!'s 9=ma;n ab
h[ to d t 9 ! h&\t4 ,if y don't h a copy
             :at is a ,,brf          #cc
( ,duxbury1 y cd j op5 ! ,,brf file 9
,notepad : ,i'm go+ to d4 ,i've f.d a
,,brf file & ,i'm go+ to press ,5t] on x
& hope t y c he> my spee*4
  ,,jaws3 ,>r[ ueb update c\rse brf #dj
zx#bj #g ;l dot brf notepad comput] brl4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,& x's op5$ 9
,notepad & ,i'll maximise ! w9d[ & if ,i
d[n >r[444
  ,,jaws3 ,blank update six ;u ;f
apo/rophe sev5 uk doll> i & sev54
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 444y\ c he> t ,i h
lots ( nons5se t ! spee* is say+4 ,on !
,brl 4play1 ,i al h a :ole bun* (
nons5se4 ,n[1 exactly h[ y fix ? w dep5d
on yr scre5 r1d]4 ,i happ5 to 2 us+
,,jaws4 ,i'm n go+ to d a /ep by /ep = e
s+le scre5 r1d] "u ! sun b ,i w qkly
demon/rate x 9 ,,jaws s t y c see ! sort
( sett+ t y mi<t 2 look+ = 9 ano!r scre5
r1d]4
  ,basically :at y want to d is turn !
translator (f & use comput] ,brl4 ,s1 if
,i g 9to ! ,,jaws sett+s c5tre ) ,,jaws
key & six1 : ,i h d"o & "! seems to 2 a
bug ) ,,jaws at ! mo;t ": x cra%es1 s
             :at is a ,,brf          #cd
we'll j wait pati5tly until ,,jaws turns
xf back on ag4
  ,:at ,i'll d1 once x turns xf back on
ag1 is ,i w g 9to ! tree view & look =
,brl & !n look = ! ,brl table sett+s &
*ange ^? sett+s4
  ,"h we g1 x's come up4 ,i'm n go+ to g
! default file 2c ,i only want comput]
,brl to 2 on = ,notepad4
  ,,jaws3 ,z]o us] clos$ "o ( brl clos$4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,s ,i'll g to ,brl4
  ,,jaws3 ,brl op5 si-- "o g5]al clos$
g5]al op5 two transla;n clos$ "o ( ni--
transla;n op5$ ?ree language 5gli% unit$
k+dom "o ( six transla;n g5]al brl4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,okay1 s language
,5gli% ,unit$ ,k+dom1 t's f9e4
  ,,jaws3 ,\tput comput] brl4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,s1 y'll notice
we've got comput] ,brl4 ,if ,i press !
space b> on "h--
  ,,jaws3 ;,q dot ;,k 5gli% grade #a ;,q
dot ;,k 5gli% grade #b unifi$ 5gli% brl
grade #a unifi$ 5gli% brl grade #b
comput] brl "o ( five4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,s1 x's on comput]
             :at is a ,,brf          #ce
,brl4 ,comput] ,brl is actually ! "o t
,i want4 ,"!'s ano!r op;n 9 "h t ,i ne$
to tell y ab4
  ,,jaws3 ,%[ curr5t ^w 9 comput] brl
&-- suppress capital signs & omit
comput] brl tables dot dot dot two brl
mode /ructure two ( n9e & 5clos$ active
cursor foll[ brl cursor foll[s 4play
text 9 ei<t dot brl mode4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,t's ! "o ,i want4
,4play text 9 ei<t dot ,brl mode4 ,!
r1son :y ? is important is 2c a numb] (
,,brf files >e 5cod$ ) all ( _! lrs 9
capitals4 ,"!'s no r1l h>m 9 ? except t
if y >e us+ ei<t dot ,brl1 e cell
virtually w h a dot #g "un1? x & t is
r1lly uncom=table to r1d4
  ,s1 y turn (f ! ei<t dot ,brl mode 9
,,jaws or 9 ,,nvda1 "!'s an equival5t
op;n4 ,9 mo/ scre5 r1d]s1 "!'s an
equival5t op;n4 ,s1 if y turn (f ! ei<t
dot ,brl mode & use six dot or fail+ t1
if y h a *oice ( ,,u ei<t dot comput]
,brl or ,,u six dot comput] ,brl1 if y
*oose ,,u six dot comput] ,brl1 !n t w
get rid ( all ( ^? annoy+ dot #gs t
             :at is a ,,brf          #cf
appe> all ( ! "t4
  ,simil>ly on ! ,orbit ,r1d]1 "!'s a
sett+ call$ 8,filt] ,dot #g04 ,if y
to7le t sett+ on1 !n y'll f9d t ! ,orbit
,r1d] doesn't %[ dot #gs all ! same4
,x's on by default1 s if x's "w+ = y1 y
don't ne$ to *ange any?+4
  ,if y're navigat+ a ,,brf file1 ! ?+
to "k is t "!'s no m>k-up 9 ^! files s y
ne$ to h "s idea ( :at ! file looks l &
y ne$ to h "s idea ( :at y're look+ =4
,y c't j press a button & say1 8,next
*apt]0 or 8,previ\s *apt]0 or :at h y4
,on "s ma*9es1 y mi<t 2 able to press
next page or previ\s page1 b r1lly y ne$
to 2 able to navigate ! ,,brf file by
"k+ :at's >.d4
  ,s1 = example1 y cd use ! page up &
page d[n key or y cd use ! previ\s &
next p>agraph key1 or y cd use ! ,f9d
facil;y4 ,! ,f9d facil;y is ? amaz+ ?+ 9
! _w ( ,,brf 2c x w lit]ally all[ y to
f9d any?+4 ,s1 = example1 ,i'm at ! top
( ?444
  ,,jaws3 ,numb] ,a4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 444,,brf file : has
             :at is a ,,brf          #cg
a numb] ,a on x1 2c x's page "o4 ,if ,i
d a 3trol-;,f--
  ,,jaws3 ,f9d1 f9d :at1 octopus all--
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,& ,i 0 look+ at
,octopus ,5]gy e>li] on : is :y t's come
up4 ,i'm go+ to type #ccccc4 ,on a ,brl
keybo>d1 ,i wd type dots #b #e1 five
"ts4 ,s1 five middle ,cs4 ,& ,i'm go+ to
press ,5t]4
  ,,jaws3 ,comput] brl4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,& no?+'s happ5$ b
actually "s?+ has happ5$4 ,if ,i escape1
,i've got ! l9e & if ,i move to ! next
l9e1 x says1 8,in "o volume40 ,s1 ,i'll
press ! ,f#c key to move to ! next "o4
  ,i cd keep do+ ?--
  ,,jaws3 ,blank blank blank blank #ccc
billion #cjj blank blank blank blank4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,okay4
  ,,jaws3 #cjj numb] ;b ;k a ;d4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,s1 #bjad4
  ,,jaws3 #cjj blank blank #c blank
blank #c blank4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,! r1son :y ? is
tak+ s* a l;g "t is 2c "!'s a :ole load
( /uff "h4 ,if ,i move a bit fur!r d[n &
             :at is a ,,brf          #ch
try x4
  ,,jaws3 #ccc billion blank blank a
numb] ;b ei<t numb] ;b f\r ;m ;k ;s
numb] ;b #d up to ;n ;m ;k ;s4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,okay1 s ? is r1d+
nons5se b on ! ,brl 4play1 ,i c see t
,i've mov$ to sec;n two1 punctua;n m>ks1
brackets sev54 ,if ,i press ,f#c ag &
move d[n444
  ,,jaws3 ,blank blank page br1k numb]
numb] ;z f\r4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 444,i c see ,i'm n[
on numb] ?ree1 capitalisa;n4 ,s1 se>*+ =
?+s l l9es is v help;l1 8#c #c #c0 or
middle ;,c1 middle ;,c1 middle ;,c4
,se>*+ = ?+s l dot #e1 middle ;,c1 & a
numb] sign1 if y want to f9d a "picul>
pr9t page numb]1 "! >e v>i\s te*niques l
t4 ,"!'s a :ole li/ ( !m 9 ! h&\ts4 ,!y
all basically rely on y us+ ! ,f9d
facil;y ( yr scre5 r1d] or yr applica;n
or :at h y1 & j f9d+ ?+s4
  ,if y get /uck1 ! be/ ?+ y c d is g to
! top ( ! file & !n ,f9d1 2c t way y "k
t y're se>*+ "? ! :ole file1 ":as if
y're 9 ! middle ( ! file & y d a ,f9d1
             :at is a ,,brf          #ci
y'd h to rememb] to f9d =w>ds &
backw>ds4
  ,! f9al ?+ ,i'd l to talk ab v briefly
is emboss+ a ,,brf file & ,i won't t\*
on ,duxbury 2c we've only got five
m9utes b "! is a sec;n 9 ! h&\t to d )
x4 ,if y're emboss+ a ,,brf file & y're
n us+ ,duxbury1 y ne$ to "k "s 9=ma;n ab
! ,,brf file4 ,y ne$ to "k h[ _m "*s p]
l9e x's got1 & h[ _m l9es p] page x's
got4
  ,s1 ,i h ? ,,brf file op5 9 ,notepad &
,i c f9d ? 9=ma;n \ v easily4 ,if ,i got
to ! top ( ! file444
  ,,jaws3 ,top numb] a4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 444it says numb] ,a1
t's f9e4 ,t's a page numb]4 ,s1 if ,i
press ! ,5d key1 & n[ ,i press ! comm&
to r1d ! /atus l9e : 9 ,,jaws is 9s]t
page d[n444
  ,,jaws3 ;,l ;n "o call #da #ajj p]c5t
w9d[s ;z ;r ;l ;e ;f #h4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,i don't ne$ to
worry ab mo/ ( t b x sd1 8,ln "o call
#da40 ,t's actually 2c ,i'm on ! c>riage
return s we c subtract "o f t & we get
             :at is a ,,brf          #dj
#dj cells to ! l9e & actually ,i cd j
c.t n[4
  ,,jaws3 ,numb] #h blank update blank
blank blank blank #c 9 #c blank blank
blank blank numb] uk = numb] ?ree blank
blank blank blank blank ;f sla% = #ccc
bill-- numb] ;b ;k blank page br1k num--
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,s1 ,i c.t$ #bg l9es
& !n ,i he>d ! magic ^ws444
  ,,jaws3 ,page br1k numb]4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 444page br1k4 ,s "!
7 #bg l9es to ! page br1k s t m1ns "! >e
#bg l9es to ! page & 9de$ ,i c v]ify ?
if ,i press ! /atus b> key n[4
  ,,jaws3 ;,l ;n #bh call "o #ajj p]c5t
w9d[s ;z ;r4
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,l9e #bh1 s ,i'm on
! f/ l9e ( ! second page : m1ns t ! f/
page f9i%$ on l9e #bg4 ,s1 ? "picul>
file has #bg l9es to ! page & #dj "*s to
! l9e & z l;g z ,i tell my emboss] t t
is ! case1 my emboss] w emboss t file
a3urately4
  ,if ,i don't tell my emboss] t t is !
case1 z ,i 0 expla9+ to ,/eve e>li] on1
y mi<t h problems4
             :at is a ,,brf          #da
  ,if y're 9 ,duxbury1 "!'s a *eck box
call$ 8,import ,,brf ,file ,)\t
,9t]preta;n40 ,t's a gd *eck box to "k
ab4 ,if y don't *eck t *eck box1 y ne$
to "k ab all ! o!r op;ns 9 ,duxbury &
"!'s 9=ma;n ab t 9 ! h&\t4
  ,) only f\r m9utes to g1 ,i % turn x
back ov] = "s m "qs4
  ,b5 ,mu/ill-,rose3 ,?ank y1 ,mat!w4
,i'll give p a ll bit ( "t to raise _!
h&s4 ,we %d h "t = a few4 ,z a qk
rem9d]1 y c f9d a copy ( ? record+ :5 x
goes up & a copy ( ! record+s ( all ( \r
previ\s ev5ts1 al;g ) h&\ts & 9cr1s+ly
transcrip;ns ( ! n>ra;n1 by visit+ \r
,m$ia page at www4brailli/s4org_/m$ia4
,"s"o call$ x a tr1sure trove ( res\rces
! o!r "d : ,i 0 q pr\d (4
  ,s "! >e a c\ple ( h&s4 ,we're go+ to
come to ,lisa & !n ,kawal4
  ,lisa3 ,?ank y s m* = ? 9=ma;n %>+4 ,y
_h m5;n$ t if yr ,,brf file is 9 ,,ueb
,grade #b & y want to r1d x 9 ,grade #a1
t y'll ne$ a sep>ate ,,brf file = ,grade
#a & !n al y _h po9t$ \ s\rces ( ,,brf
files1 "s ( ! onl9e libr>ies l ,,nls1
             :at is a ,,brf          #db
book%>e4org1 & ,i've notic$ t 9 br[s+ "s
( ! onl9e libr>ies1 :5 y look at !
di6]5t file types t >e available & y c
*oose to d[nload ! ,,brf file1 "!'s (t5
no 9=ma;n up front z to :at type ( ,,brf
file x's in1 :at grade1 :at =mat & ,i 0
j wond]+1 is "! a way to "k up front :at
v].n y're gett+8
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,yes1 s f/ ( all1
libr>ies ne$ to get bett] at giv+ u t
metadata & "s libr>ies >e bett] ?an
o!rs4 ,,rnib is pretty gd4 ,i "k o!rs >e
n4 ,once y've op5$ ! file1 "s"ts x's
immly obvi\s1 y'll op5 x & y'll g1
8,yes1 t's def9itely ,,ueb10 or 8,t's
def9itely ,,seb40 ,s my be/ advice is
look = "s?+ t's r1lly obvi\s 9 ,,seb t's
n 9 ,,ueb or "s?+ r1lly obvi\s 9 ,,ueb
t's n 9 ,,seb4 ,= example1 look = !
3trac;n 8to !40 ,if y d a ,f9d on a l[]
;f foll[$ by a ,,! sign1 & y press ,5t]1
t's a six exclama;n m>k1 if y're on a
comput] & y want to 2 te*nical1 if y f9d
"s?+ l t1 !n t's an ,,seb book 2c ,,ueb
doesn't h t 3trac;n4 ,or1 = example1 if
y se>* = dot #e & ! ,,gh sign1 t's a
             :at is a ,,brf          #dc
bracket 9 ,,ueb4 ,if x doesn't f9d x1
x's n foolpro( t x's n ,,ueb b if x does
f9d x1 x's pretty m* foolpro( t x is
,,ueb4 ,x's j ab pick+ "s signs t >e
pretty obvi\sly ,,seb or ,,ueb signs &
t's ! only way ,i've f.d ( 2+ able to
tell4
  ,b5 ,mu/ill-,rose3 ,we're go+ to f9i%
(f ) a "q f ,kawal4
  ,kawal3 ,f/ly1 ,i've n"e d"o a ,,brf
file 9 ,notepad & second ( all1 ,i want
to "k if y want$ to write "s?+ 9
,notepad1 wd y use comput] ,brl & if y
want$ to save "s?+1 :at type wd y use 9
! ,save ,z box8
  ,mat!w ,horspool3 ,y probably wd n"e
write a ,,brf file 9 ,notepad un.s y h
lots ( "t on yr h&s4 ,i actually d write
,,brf files 9 ,notepad4 ,:5 ,i 0 at
,exhall1 ,i us$ to h to write ,fr5*1
,5gli% docu;ts1 ,5gli% vocabul>y li/s or
,fr5* vocabul>y li/s & t's ano!r grt use
= a ,,brf file1 by ! way1 2c ( all !
language swit*+4 ,b ,i lit]ally us$ to
sit "! ) ! ,,qw]ty keybo>d & type equals
signs & exclama;n m>ks = ! a35t$ lrs & d
             :at is a ,,brf          #dd
x t way4 ,b t is :at y'd h to d4 ,"!
isn't r1lly a way ( do+ six key 5try 9
,notepad un.s y've got a ,brl 4play1 9 :
case y cd use ! ,brl keybo>d1 or y cd
use "s?+ l ,p]ky ,duck4 ,y don't
necess>ily h to use ,notepad4 ,y cd d x
9 ,p]ky if y want$ to d x or j 9
,duxbury4
  ,assum+ t y've writt5 \ ! ,,brf file 9
,notepad1 :5 y g to ,save1 y wd save z
,all ,files1 & !n y wd j add dot brf to
! 5d ( ! file "n & t wd make sure x
saves z a ,,brf4
  ,b5 ,mu/ill-,rose3 ,w[1 manual writ+ (
,,brf,'s 9 ,notepad1 s.ds l a bit ( a
lockd[n k9d ( activ;y4 ,grt "qs f "ey"o4
,i "k ,i've le>n$ a huge am.t 9 ? ses.n
& once ag1 _m ?anks to ,mat!w = ho/+4
,i'll pass ?+s ov] to ,dave to wrap up4
  ,dave ,williams3 ,?anks1 ,b51 & if y
f.d "s ( ! 9=ma;n 9 tn's ses.n a ll bit
te*nical1 pl1se don't panic4 ,m help is
available4 ,y c ( c\rse 3tact u1
help@abrailli/s4org4 ,y c al jo9 !
,brailli/s =um f \r website at
brailli/s4org & a record+1 z ,mat!w sd1
             :at is a ,,brf          #de
( ? ses.n w 2 made available at
brailli/s4org_/m$ia4 ,t's probably go+
to come up next week & w al 2 available
z "p ( ,brlca/ f :]"e y normally rcv yr
podca/s4
  ,?ank y v m*1 ,mat!w1 = a v 9=mative
ses.n1 q d5se ses.n1 ,i wd say4 ,we've
got ano!r1 ,i suppose1 te*nical ses.n
next "t b v di6]5t & t's ,brl ,on ,&roid
& t's \r topic 9 two weeks' "t4
  ,? "t next week we'll 2 hav+ an op5
=um & lett+ p ask any ,brl-relat$ "qs 9
\r ,brl ,b>1 s d br+ yr "qs1 maybe y h
"s foll[-up "qs f tn t y mi<t l to ask
next ,tues"d ev5+ f #g3#cjpm1 ,,uk "t4
  ,don't =get ! ,brl book club on
,?urs"d at #fpm & \r newslr4
  ,?ank y to ,b5 = yr help ) ! mod]a;n &
"ey"o else = yr exp]tise & fanta/ic "qs4
  ,f all ( u at ! ,brailli/s ,f.da;n1 h
a grt week & we'll sp1k ) y v soon4 ,bye
= n[4
              "33333333333